Was this politically motivated, where the WHO, the organization that created the scare of h1n1 virus, SARs, and Mad Cow, actually needed some more limelight to become relevant or is this real possibility, that is, Cell Phones used for long periods of time can cause tumors in the brain?

In looking at the study, several key facts come out of it. Some of them are based on their assumptions and some as well that are based on logic.

Where is that danged antenna located?

A short time ago, cell phones had a small telescopic antenna that you could raise or lower. This migrated to small stub fixed antennas located at the top of your cell phone, and then off to what is now used predominantly which is a “Patch” antenna, a small wafer about 1″ x 1/2 ” in size placed behind the back cover of your phone ( not the batter cover). These patch antennas work almost as well as the telescopic ones, but inherently are not as efficient. This means that “Not all cell phones are created equal“. That is to say different cell phones produce different power levels.

More importantly there are cell phone that have their antenna located behind the ear piece of the cell phone, and others that are located behind the microphone, or mouth piece. There was no distinction made between these two cases. There should be. Close proximity to the area behind the ear and above, energy transmitted by the cell phone has a higher intensity than that transmitted by the antenna behind the mouth piece. For the signal to travel into the brain area, the signal must pass through the jawbone, the moisture of the mouth, and on to the brain. The energy of the cell phone at 5″ from the antenna we can be measured with the spectrum analyzers we have and it was 10 dB or ten times less than that of the energy directly at the ear.

iPhones for example have the antenna located surrounding the cell phone from the right side over the top to the left side. The energy is distributed among a path of approximately 6″. No study was done to determine whether the distribution of the energy over the 6″ was different than coming from a patch antenna 1″ x ” in size. Blackberry and most Androids have the antenna located in the bottom of the phone at the back. Again, the signal would have to travel through the phone and then through the jawbone. Similar with Motorola razors, the flip phones where the antenna is located near the mouth piece.

Certainly not all cell phones are created equal.

Cell Phone Output Power Levels

What was the energy level of the cell phone to start off with? That is an important point. If this was a European study, a cell phone can put out a maximum power of 2 watts. Here in the United States, in order to conserve energy, and “talk time” cell phones are designed to operate at lower levels, close to 1 mill watt in most cases. US cell phones have a maximum energy level of of a watt… 25% that of the European maximums. This was not taken into consideration.

What Standard Protocol did they test?

CDMA GSM or iDen? The three standards used in the United States, are infinitely different. CDMA phones normally operate at even lower powers levels than their GSM counterparts. The equipment of the CDMA in the USA is the UMTS in Europe or WCDMA. GSM operates channelized m and CDMA is spread over a greater area. Iden phones, famous for push to talk operate at much higher levels than the other two systems, because their towers are father apart forcing the phone to operate at higher levels. Up to 2 watts in some cases!

Other considerations.

Did they take into consideration other factors, like total amount of metal in the particular cell iPhone versus plastic? Several Nokia, Samsung and Sanyo phones have very little metal, but put out the same power as the Motorola counterparts. This is all very important in looking at the study.

Using Headsets versus the phone up against you ear.

Most news organizations are coming out indicting that the use of a Bluetooth headset is advisable compared to directly putting your cell phone up against your ear. They have no basis for this discussion. No test has ever been done on the effects of Bluetooth headsets on brain cancer!

Here is what they are not telling you: Bluetooth headsets operate a frequency of 2.4-2.5 GHz. Your microwave oven operates at a similar frequency. The headset puts out 2.5 mill watts of power, at a distance closer to your brain than the cell phone! Earpieces are inserted into the ear canal making them closer! The 2.5 mill watts of power is 2.5 times higher than the energy form the cell phone at normal conditions. How anyone can recommend going from a cell phone to a Bluetooth headset is beyond my understanding…unless of course you sell Bluetooth headsets.

DBars (DA-BARS)

The bars on the cell phone can be a good indicator of whether or not your phone is operating at full output power or at the levels that I describe, which are at 1 milliwatt…minimal power. First, the higher the energy that you receive from the tower, the closer the tower is to you and the less energy the cell phone has to put out to reach the tower. More bars on your phone = lower transmission levels of your phone. The power level of your phone transmitting to the tower is inversely proportional to the received signal from the tower. Da Bars! Can you trust the bars on your phone? 5 Bars is FULL? Only with some phones. Motorola we have always found to be truthful with their display of the bars. 3 bars means -75 dBm of downlink signal, and full bars, usually means -60 dB. Each bar on the Motorola phone represents 10 -20 times energy difference. Now, with Samsung, LG etc., they like to ‘juice’ those bars up. That means that 5 bars on their phone could still mean a lower signal coming form the tower and a high signal generated from your phone. In fact the carriers like giving those people that complain about signal levels on their phones the juiced up models…that way they can full you into thinking you got better signal! If you have 1 or two bars, you can be certain that your cell phone has to power up to full, most of the time. You also notice that the cell phones battery runs out quicker… because it is transmitting at full power!

So what can be done about lowering the energy level of the cell phone so that I minimize the risks, if any, associated with electromagnetic radiation exposure? What you need to do is get better downlink signals from the tower so that your phone does not have to power up as high. There are several ways to do this

1. Use an External Antenna

In some phones, there is a ” small plug located at the back either top or bottom…Behind this plug is a jack that connects directly to the antenna output of the cell phone. With an adapter connected to a cable plugged into this port, you can add an external antenna that can be placed at least 1 meter (3 feet) away from you. A few things happen as a result. The amount of energy you get from the external antenna at 3 feet is 1000 times less than that of the antenna of the cell phone when placed against you rear. As well, since this antenna is more efficient than the small one at the back of your cell phone, the phone is more efficient in transmitting and receiving the signal and therefore powers down to the lowest levels. In some cases this amounts to 10000 times less energy needed, increased talk time, and better reception of course no dropped calls. The Antenna can be stuck to the car window (we have suction cop antennas) to your window at your house as well. OR you can simply hold it at a distance or place it beside you. With the Magnetic mount antennas., placing it outside the car or home results in a doubling of the signal levels of the towers, and halving of the transmission energy of the cell phone.

2. Install a docking station.

We have two products on our side, one made by Dock N talk, and the other is Siemens Gigaset. These two products connect to your cell phone either wirelessly or via a cable to the data port. By placing the docking station near a window, say in your kitchen and attaching the cell phone to it, your signal level of the cell phone will be higher. More importantly, the cell phone when transmitting will be nowhere near you. That is because these two products connect the cell phone directly to the landline phone sin your home. When someone calls your cell number, the house phone rings. You pick it up, (even has caller ID) and you answer just like you would if the phone is up against your ear. AS well, you can dial out. The cell phone does not have to be next to you! It can be anywhere else in the house. The added benefit of course is that you can get rid of your landline entirely and use the cell phone only.

3. Adding a repeater system.

If you have at least 3 bars outside your home and 1-2 bars inside, you are a perfect candidate for Cell phone booster or Repeater. The reason the signal level is lower in your house than outside is because building materials absorb and reflect radio frequency signals. Our repeater system simply put bridges this resistance, and takes the signal from outside, amplifies it and transmits it inside. Similarly the signal from your phone gets amplified and sent to the tower. You install an antenna outdoors, run the cable inside to the amplifier and install a small indoor antenna. Turn it on and presto! 1 bar becomes 5, and as I said, the more bars you see on your phone the less signal is being transmitted.

Some may ask, but what about the energy coming from the repeater? Isn’t that a worry? Fact is because our antenna outside sees the tower… the amount of energy that is being picked up and amplifier is about the same as the output power of the cell phone. The difference is that the antenna of the repeater is located three or more feet from where you are. That means the signal level from the repeater is 1000 times or more less than that of your cell phone at your ear! No worries here! We have repeaters for small homes, offices, warehouse and even hospitals and hotels. The added benefit of course is not only do you reduce the radiation level of the cell phones, you increase talk time, get less dropped calls, and you are able to use your phone in more places than before.

4. How about the RAD sticker?

There are many products on the market that tell you that they will reduce the energy of the cell phone. Stickers placed at the back of your phone for instance are nothing more than a sham. Any metal placed near the antenna of a cell phone causes the cell phone to get less signal from the tower…and if you have been reading….forces your phone to power up at higher levels!

5. More Text Messaging less Phone Use.

Use text messaging more often. I always wonder in this world of progress, how we ended up back with text messaging. IF you are older, and remember the days of the pager, you would dial a phone number for a pager, and a signal would be sent, the pager would beep and the person would call his answering service. That migrated to being able to send the phone number to the pager of the party that wanted to be called, to being able to answer back to another pager by a small keyboard on the pager that you received it or sending a message. This migrated to being able to call someone using a cell phone rather than paging them. This migrated to paging them on a cell phone, then finally text messaging them instead of calling them. How the hell did we do a full 360 degree circle with technology that was supposed to move us forward?

Having said that, the best you can do, is use the technology sparingly. There is no reason to talk on a cell phone if you have a landline near you. AS well, you could do the good old fashion way of waiting until you get home to call your friend. What is so urgent? If the WHO is right, and maybe they are wrong, or maybe next year they will look at the facts, be pressured by the CTIA (organization that represents the carriers) and have their ruling about cell phones overturned. Perhaps even better….they will read my article, ask the people performing the study to study more… and maybe 50 years from now, we will get a different answer…. Cell Phones are healthy! They reduce your stress levels. Less stress = better health. Higher tower signals = lower cell phone transmission power = better health.

If you have any concern whatsoever regarding the use of the cell phone, you can abstain from using it of course. However, any and all of the solutions described above will certainly decrease the energy levels, reduce the risk of cancer if any, and provide you with decent coverage and less dropped calls.

Then, are you confused which used cell phone that you want to buy? Cool down dude, there are so many qualified used cell phones you should have it. You can consider buying cheap used phones for Verizon. But, you have to remember before buying used cell phones. You have to make sure that you know obviously in terms of design, model and any features you are looking for your used cell phone that is suitable with your need. Then, ask the retailer whether they still have warranty of the used cell phone you want to buy.

If you want another consideration, it is better if we take look at cheap boost cell phones. By looking for this kind of boost cell phones. You will get great services from it. By spending less money, you will get more services such as unlimited nationwide talk, text, web, walkie-talkie, no contracts and other services.

Although cell phones have a lot of purposes that make people’s lives easier, it is also important to remember that it also has some hazards and dangers that everyone should be careful of. Here are some of the perils that are associated with mobile phone usage.

Brain Cancer

Although there is no statistical evidence yet, many studies link mobile phone use and brain tumors. Cell phones emit radiofrequency energy or radio waves, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. As some people know, electromagnetic radiation, like that emitted from the X-ray, can increase cancer risk.

Terrorism

Many news report talk about how terrorists make use of mobile phones to disguise and improvise explosive devices that can go undetected even by high-tech detectors, like those found in airports.

Car Accidents

Each year, more than 50,000 people are injured in the United States after texting while driving. Approximately 6,000 people are killed for the same reason. Using the phone while driving is a major distraction as it gets your eyes off the road, your hands off the steering wheel, and your mind off what’s happening around you. The second you get distracted, you’re putting yourself into peril that can result in either injuries or death.

Stalking

The GPS tracking technology are now being used by stalkers to trace the movement and location of their targets. It’s very alarming news that in 2010, the rates of victims has increased to 25,000 Americans that are victimized each year, according to the Department of Justice.

Vision Impairment

Cell phones can also affect a person’s eye health. When users stare at the mobile phone screen too long, they tend to forget to blink, which is important in keeping the eyes moist. When this happens, dry eyes can cause eye strain or even lead to vision impairment if left unchecked or untreated.

Health problems

Texter’s thumb, digital thumb, and neck and arm nerve damage are just some of the physical health problems that mobile phone users can suffer from.

Cell phones are practical and useful devices, but they also have some major drawbacks that are mentioned above. These pieces of important information are not meant to cause paranoia or scare you, but to keep you aware and informed about the perils of using mobile phones. The good news is that you can avoid all these by using your phone that smart way. You should also invest in mobile phone accessories that would allow you to use your phone hands-free, like headsets. These mobile phone accessories, along with other types like mobile phone covers and mobile phone leather cases, can be purchased for an inexpensive price online.

How Much Does It Cost To Trace a Cell Phone?

Fortunately, the fee for the cost is not going to break your monthly budget. $14 is what you should expect to pay for a single report from a respected reverse cell phone directory. $39 will permit you to conduct unlimited searches for a year. This plan includes searching VoIP, fax, pager, landline, and unlisted landline numbers.

Why The Charge For Mobile Phone Reports?

Telephone numbers are classified into two separated categories. The first category is free. This means you can find out the name and the address connected to the telephone number for free. Examples of a free telephone number are landline and business phone numbers.

The other category of telephone number is the private number. Today’s biggest telephone companies own these telephone phone numbers. If somebody from the public wants access to the data contained in their databases, they are going to have to purchase it. The public purchases this information from independent data brokers. And the brokers first purchase this information from the telephone companies.

So, the charge assessed for the results compensates the directory for the money it spent to acquire the data and also keep it updated and organized.

60 Second Report

Once you have found a directory you are comfortable doing business with, you will find the search process takes under 60 seconds. In that time, you will have entered the telephone number in the website, been notified by the directory that it does carry results for your search, and made your purchase.

Once you have your hands on the report, you will know the caller’s name, present address, past addresses, cell phone carrier, household members names, and, most times, quite a bit more. That’s the best way to trace a cell phone for the most accurate information in the quickest amount of time.

Equipped with various facilities, it is available to people of all classes. The affordable price range and the easy application make it a pleasure to use. Besides communication, they also have various other services programmed in them. They have SMS services, camera, blue tooth, MMS, video, voice recorder, internet services and others.

The process of cell phone communication is rather simple. Connected to several base stations, the cell phone can receive and transmit waves through antennas. Installed atop tall buildings, tower or a pole, in populated areas they are further linked to a network of cabled connections.

From the base stations connected to the network, the signals reach the cell phones and the call is received. The reception and transmission is usually within 8 to 13 kms. Each cell phone has a SIM card. The identity of this card is translated numerically. Every SIM card has its own numbers so that is easily identified. There are various handset manufacturers throughout the world. The leading name among them is Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Sony, Sony Ericsson, and LG.

There are various features of the mobile phone. Even the simplest of them has the most necessary of services, like the messaging facility, calculators, calendar, call lists, call registers and games. The more advanced ones share internet connection, music downloading facility, infra red, cam cording, video calling, blue tooth facility and a host of other services. High quality games can be played also on line.

The value of the total number of facilities available on some phones, far exceeds the price of the instrument and the charges paid for them. Recent research says that the total worth of the services provided is nearly 40 billion dollars.

In the year 2000, the first ever news service on the cell phone was delivered in Finland. Interestingly, the news service has caught on and demands are increasing for news according to one’s liking. Known as the ‘on demand’ instant information based on personal choice, is fast outdoing the newspaper services. Even television newscast is not as fast as the cell phone availability. The mobility and the far reaching benefits are enjoyed by the journalists too. Even companies like Monster have started job hunting services through the mobile. Job opportunities and expert advice regarding jobs is also available on the cell phone.

Also called the fourth screen, the mobile phone is part of the media. It is the seventh one besides cinema, newspaper, TV, radio, internet and recordings. Other than news it gives frequent intimations on the various fairs that are held, and the reduction offers made. Horoscopes, latest game scores, lists of restaurants or entertainment spots, hospital, railway and flight information are easily received on the cell phone.

The utility of this device is no longer unknown. The rate of sales growth in India shows that nearly six million people buy cells every month in India. This is the largest growing market in the world. An expected target of 500 million buyers by 2010, does not seem to be impossible.

The bad news is that finding this information for free is about as likely hitting the lottery. And why is that? The reason is because wireless numbers are still classified as private information. So, free directories won’t carry this information.

And trying to find this information somewhere online for free is like looking for a needle in a haystack. You’ll probably find the number, but getting the identifying information behind those numbers is something very, very difficult to find. But who knows? Maybe you’re luck will be better than mine and you know something about mining the search engines that I don’t.

If you want to really get serious about tracing cell phone calls, you’ll end up hooking up with a good and reliable reverse wireless directory. I found the one I use by trial and error. Knowing what I know now, I can make a few suggestions.

Choose a directory that, first of all, permits you to freely search through their database prior to purchasing results. Never give up your own personal identifying information for the ability to search the site. Don’t trust directories that offer free results for the reasons listed above. And, finally, choose a directory that eases the customer’s mind by offering a full 60-day money back guarantee. Once you find a directory that can offer all of the above benefits, you’ll be tracing cell phone calls and every other type of call easily and quickly.

But all you want is a name to go with a phone number.  Phone books have been around since just after Bell called Watson.  You used to be able to call directory assistance for free and get a telephone number for a name.  For free.  Realtors bought a Bressers directory, where they could look a phone number for an address.  Useful information for them, even if they did have to pay for it.

Now in this information age it’s easy to get a name for a land line number.  Heck, even my mother has Caller ID on her phone.  Unless someone has their number blocked or set to private, you know who’s calling before you answer the phone.  And if you need to, you can go to a multitude of web sites and look up someones number or name from a number.

But if you receive a call from a cell phone, the most you get on Caller ID is the number and maybe the area the caller has the service established from.  No name.  How come?

Well, this little concept called ‘public domain’ comes into play.  Land line numbers have been public domain for decades.  But what, you may ask, is public domain?  Simple answer is that it includes anything that isn’t copyrighted.  Or in the US, any work published before January 1st, 1923 anywhere in the world is in the public domain.  Including phone numbers.  But, because you pay for each phone call whether you called or they called, cell phone numbers are not in the public domain.  So consider yourself lucky until some lobbyist is paid enough to get Congress to make your cell phone number public domain.  The darn thing will never stop ringing after that.  And that’s why it’s a good thing that there’s no free directory for reverse cell phone look ups.  Because if there was, you’d throw your cell phone out a car window hoping that it would land in a cesspool   The world would never hear your Led Zeppelin ring tone again.

But there is bad news to go with this good news.  If you want to look up a name to go with a cell phone number, you can get it.  Just because cell numbers (including yours) aren’t public domain doesn’t mean that they can’t be found, compiled and sold.  They most certainly can, and they are.  There’s money in them there numbers.  Folks find it valuable enough to have a name to go with that number that they will pay real money for the information.  That’s why companies exist solely for the purpose of taking your money in exchange for the name to go with that number.  And some actually do a good job of providing you with accurate information you can believe.  Others, not so much.

So that’s the good news/bad news about free reverse cell phone directories.  Yes, there are directories.  No, they’re not free.  And for your own sake, that’s a good thing.

What Is the Video Quality Like With Cell Phone TV?

For anyone considering the purchase of a multimedia phone to view TV, it is important to understand that the technology is still new and under development. The quality of the video is still evolving. The video that is currently offered is not always fluid and sound can sometimes be muffled. However, for those investigating the service it’s important to understand that the quality can vary quite a bit by carrier as they utilize different digital technology to deliver the signal. Therefore, consumers should be sure to test out the different carriers before making a choice. As cellular carriers continue to upgrade technologies in the coming years, it would be logical to assume that video quality on cell phones will be greatly enhanced as well.

What Is It Like Watching TV on a Small Cell Phone Screen?

For many people, one of the primary questions about the ability to actually enjoy watching cell phone TV, is in regards to viewing entertainment and news on a tiny 2″ or 3″ screen. There are a couple of differences that make the tiny screen quite tolerable although not a replacement for the great room TV. First, is the simple fact that users view the screen from only 10-12″ inches versus from 10 feet or so. The difference in viewing distance makes the tiny screen much more comfortable than many people would imagine.

Another difference with watching cell phone TV is that the programming being viewed generally is not full length episodes. Much of what viewers see with it are mini-television episodes, original content developed specifically for cell phones and other mobile devices. This prevents users from having to sit for extended periods of time holding their phone within 12 inches of their face. The brief episodes can provide good entertainment or information that fits nicely within a short subway commute or break in the work day.

What Are the Cost Consideration of Cell Phone TV?

Another question that often arises is the cost of cell phone TV. Obviously those that support yet another feature generally have a higher price tag although certainly free multimedia phones can be had when committing to a 1 or 2 year cellular plan. Another cost factor is battery life. Obtaining good video consumes a lot of battery power. Manufacturers are of course continuing efforts to develop energy sources that can support the multitude of functions on our multi-tasking cell phones so this should become less of an issue over time. The other cost inherent with it is the charge associated with the programming offered or the data plan for that carrier. Most data plans will run between $10 and $25 per month in addition to the regular calling plan however the time spent watching the video usually does not count against the air time allotted within the calling plan.

What Programming Is Available on Cell Phone TV?

Many cellular providers now offer some form of cell phone TV, such as Verizon’s Vcast, but there are other options as well. One service that is currently popular is MobiTV which offers viewers channels such as MSNBC, ABC News Now, CNN, Fox News, Fox Sports, ESPN, 3GTV, NBC Mobile, CNBC, CSPAN, TLC, The Discovery Channel, Weather Channel, music videos and more.

Currently, cell phone TV can offer a good diversion during long waits and can keep busy people up-to-date. As with all technology, advancements with the video quality will continue in the coming years but this is the birth of it and you are there.

Dot Mobi Domain Name Extension Fits On Mobile Phone Screen All The Time When Done Properly

What does all this mean? Well, millions of individuals and businesses are being caught off guard when they have someone go to their website on a mobile phone. Most do not have the dot mobi extension and do not have their website formatted for a small mobile phone screen. In other words, the bigger screens on a regular pc or laptop computer show their websites fine – but when put on a cell phone screen they look odd.

Mobile phone users are not going to waste time scrolling left, right, up and down to find what their looking for. Not to an extreme anyway. The good news is that the dot mobi formatting can be done very easily and affordably by several website companies.

Dot Mobi’s Always Show Properly on a Cell Phone – Other Extensions Only With Extra formatting

Mobile Cell Phone Usage

People all over the world are dropping their landline phones. There are now more cell phone only households then landline only households. Mobile phones are numbered at about four billion with over half of the world population believed to own a cell phone. The five countries with the most mobile phones and their approximate numbers:

1. CHINA 650,000,000
2. INDIA 400,000,000
3. U.S.A. 260,000,000
4. RUSSIA 172,000,000
5. BRAZIL 152,000,000

With the global explosion of cell phones it only stands to reason the phones will increase in its internet usage. The dot mobi extension is perfectly situated to capitalize on this explosive growth.

It seems clear that the cell phone or its descendants are here to stay with us for quite some time as it continues to add convenient multitasking features that rapidly become indispensable for users. It seems likely that using a cell phone in lieu of a credit card, rather than a separate GPS device, or instead of an MP3 player is not far ahead. The future of stand alone cameras and camcorders also appears somewhat dimmed by the constantly upgraded abilities of the device. It is even possible that the cell phone will seriously encroach on the realm of the personal PC. With its portability and lower cost, it is used more frequently than PCs to browse the web in many countries and could potentially do the same in the US.

However, the role of the cell phone in the future may be even larger; larger than its designers even imagined.

The cell phone is a powerful device because of its portability and the number of them scattered across the globe. As it has picked up internet capabilities and video capture, it has the ability to record and dispense information rapidly. Every cell phone owner now has the potential of recording the events they observe and sharing that information almost immediately with audiences practically anywhere on the planet.

The world of law enforcement, for instance, is not one in which the designers of the cell phone probably anticipated their creations would venture. However, incidents in recent years have pointed out the unique qualifications of a cell phone to play a role in crime prevention and investigation. The image capture and texting capabilities have been particularly useful.

The world has had its first view of disasters, accidents, and alerts to crimes in progress, such as hostage situations, thanks to these devices. In addition, the cell phone is capable of providing a record of more detailed information than is often available through eye witnesses alone. The information offered by a cell phone in the right place at the right time has been so useful that some authorities are hoping to upgrade the 911 system to accept their video images directly.

Another unexpected stage for the cell phone is entertainment. Certainly designers purposely added viewing capabilities but the potential role of cell phones in creating photographic and film documentaries and entertainment was not likely envisioned originally. In conjunction with the internet and the growing popularity of “user generated content”, the photography and video images from cell phones have found their way onto the national and international stage providing content for purposes as diverse as entertainment, education, editorial comment, and news. The landscape and direction of the internet has been altered based on the popularity of sites such as Flickr and other user generated content sites which thrive on submissions that are, in part, generated by cell phones.

Even the older medium of television may experience the infiltration of the cell phone. With stations such as Current TV which provides 30% of its programming based on user generated content, it is likely that the cell phone will be used to provide news and documentary shorts created by producer/viewers who have cell phones readily at their disposal. Certainly the cell phone medium could offer a much different and innovative type of programming by providing a more immediate and unbiased representation of events.

With roles emerging in law enforcement, emergency response, and the creation of entertainment, education, and news pieces, the role of the cell phone appears to be advancing while designers and the rest of the world try to keep up. It appears that the capabilities of the future cell phone may be directed by the device itself and its natural evolution.